Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-04-22 Origin: Site
With the advancement of the dual carbon goals, distributed photovoltaic power generation has become an important choice for households to achieve green electricity consumption and energy conservation. Among them, household grid-connected photovoltaic power stations are favored by the majority of owners because they can realize "self-consumption of generated electricity and surplus electricity fed into the grid", which not only meets household electricity needs but also brings additional income through selling electricity. The application for a household grid-connected photovoltaic power station must follow standardized procedures and strictly connect with power grid enterprises and relevant departments to ensure the project is legal, compliant, safe and stable in grid connection and operation. Combining the latest policy requirements such as the Measures for the Administration of the Development and Construction of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation, this article provides a detailed analysis of the complete application process for household grid-connected photovoltaic power stations, offering professional guidance for owners.
To apply for a household grid-connected photovoltaic power station, the compliance of the project must first be confirmed. The core premises include two points: first, the project subject is compliant. Household photovoltaic power belongs to distributed photovoltaic power for natural persons, referring to distributed photovoltaic power invested and constructed by natural persons using their own residences and courtyards, with the voltage level at the connection point with the public power grid not exceeding 380 volts. The owner must have legal property rights to the residence or courtyard without property rights disputes; second, policy adaptation. It must conform to the local distributed photovoltaic development plan, follow the principle of "who invests, who files", clarify the grid connection mode (which can be full grid connection, full self-consumption, or self-consumption with surplus electricity fed into the grid), and ensure that the project construction matches the power grid connection needs.
The application process for a household grid-connected photovoltaic power station is mainly divided into nine links, which are interrelated. The owner must closely cooperate with the power grid enterprise and promote the process in strict accordance with the specifications. The details are as follows:
This is the starting point of the application process and the basis for the legal start of the project. The owner needs to carry relevant materials to the local power grid company business hall (power supply bureau) to submit a grid connection application and complete project filing at the same time. According to the provisions of the Measures for the Administration of the Development and Construction of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation, natural persons can choose the filing method for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects for natural persons, which can be centrally agent-filed by the power grid enterprise or independently filed by the natural person, greatly simplifying the owner's handling process.
The core materials to be prepared include: the original and copy of the owner's ID card, the legal property right certificate of the residence or courtyard (house property certificate, homestead certificate, etc.), and the project construction plan (including the preliminary planning of the installation location and installed capacity of photovoltaic modules). The filing information shall clearly specify the project name, investment subject, construction location, project type, construction scale, grid connection mode, etc. The owner shall be responsible for the authenticity, legality and completeness of the submitted filing information. After receiving the application, the power grid enterprise will conduct a preliminary review of the materials and accept the filing if they meet the requirements.
After accepting the owner's grid connection application and filing materials, the power grid enterprise will organize professional and technical personnel to conduct on-site surveys of the project in combination with the actual situation of the local power grid capacity and distribution network layout. It will focus on verifying whether the installation location, connection point and line direction of the photovoltaic power station meet the grid connection requirements, and evaluate the impact of the project connection on the safe operation of the power grid.
After the survey is completed, the power grid enterprise will formulate the Grid Connection System Scheme within the specified time limit. The scheme includes core technical parameters such as the grid connection voltage level, connection mode, line layout and protection configuration, clarifies the specific requirements for the project to connect to the power grid, and ensures that the photovoltaic power station can be safely and stably connected to the public power grid after power generation. The scheme must comply with the relevant national and industrial technical specifications, and if new relevant national and industrial technical specifications are issued later, they must be followed in a timely manner.
After the power grid enterprise issues the Grid Connection System Scheme, it will promptly notify the owner to collect and confirm it. The owner needs to carefully check the various technical parameters and requirements in the scheme in combination with their own actual situation (such as residential structure, installation budget, power demand, etc.) to confirm whether the scheme meets their own expectations and actual construction conditions.
If the owner has objections to the scheme (such as unreasonable connection points, line layout affecting residential use, etc.), they can submit an adjustment application to the power grid enterprise, explaining the specific adjustment needs and reasons. The power grid enterprise will optimize and adjust the scheme according to the owner's feedback and the actual situation of the power grid, and submit it to the owner for confirmation again after the adjustment until both parties reach an agreement. If the adjustment involves major changes to the filing information, the owner must promptly inform the filing authority and modify the relevant information.
After the owner confirms the Grid Connection System Scheme, the power grid enterprise will issue a formal Grid Connection Opinion Letter according to the content of the scheme. This letter is an important basis for the legal implementation of the project's engineering construction, clarifying the power grid enterprise's opinion on agreeing to the project's grid connection, indicating the technical standards of the grid connection system, the location of the connection point, the division of power supply responsibilities and other key information, and clarifying the power grid enterprise's subsequent cooperation obligations for the grid connection project.
The Grid Connection Opinion Letter has timeliness. The owner must promote the project construction within the validity period specified in the letter. If the construction has not started after the expiration, an extension application must be submitted to the power grid enterprise to avoid the letter becoming invalid and affecting the project progress.
After obtaining the Grid Connection Opinion Letter, the owner can carry out project approval (the approval process for distributed photovoltaic power for natural persons can be simplified in some regions, subject to local policies) and organize engineering construction. For project approval, materials such as the Grid Connection Opinion Letter, project construction plan and construction unit qualification certificate need to be submitted, and formal construction can only start after being approved by the relevant departments.
Engineering construction is the core link of project implementation. The owner must select a construction unit with corresponding qualifications, construct in strict accordance with the Grid Connection System Scheme and national photovoltaic engineering construction standards, focus on controlling the quality of core equipment such as photovoltaic modules, inverters and brackets, and ensure that the equipment meets relevant national standards and the installation process is standardized and safe. During the construction process, it is necessary to do a good job in construction safety management to avoid equipment damage or potential safety hazards caused by illegal construction, and at the same time do a good job in construction records to provide a basis for subsequent acceptance. In addition, the project construction must be carried out in strict accordance with the filing information, and important matters such as the project construction location and scale shall not be changed without authorization.
After the completion of the household photovoltaic power station project construction, the owner needs to conduct a self-inspection of the project, confirm that the photovoltaic modules are installed standardizedly, the line connection is correct, the equipment is operating normally, and it meets the Grid Connection System Scheme and relevant technical standards, then submit an application for grid connection acceptance and commissioning to the local power grid enterprise.
The materials to be carried when applying include: project construction completion report, equipment factory inspection report, construction records, self-inspection report, Grid Connection Opinion Letter, etc. After receiving the application, the power grid enterprise will review the materials and arrange acceptance and commissioning work if the materials are complete and meet the requirements.
After accepting the application for grid connection acceptance and commissioning, the power grid enterprise will arrange professional personnel to go to the site to install electric energy metering devices - replacing the owner's original ordinary electric meter with a bidirectional electric meter. The core function of the bidirectional electric meter is to accurately measure the power generation of the photovoltaic power station, the household power consumption and the surplus electricity fed into the grid, which is an important basis for subsequent electricity fee settlement and subsidy issuance.
During the installation process, the power grid enterprise will calibrate the electric meter to ensure accurate measurement, and at the same time complete the registration and filing of the metering device, inform the owner of the use method, measurement standard and settlement method of the electric meter, and protect the owner's right to know. The installation of metering devices must comply with national metering standards to ensure that the data is true, accurate and traceable.
After the installation of the electric energy metering device, the power grid enterprise will organize professional and technical personnel to conduct comprehensive grid connection acceptance and commissioning of the photovoltaic power station. The acceptance content includes equipment quality, installation specifications, line connection, grounding protection, grid connection safety, etc. The commissioning focuses on testing the power generation efficiency and grid connection stability of the photovoltaic power station to ensure that the power station can be normally connected to the power grid for operation, meet the relevant national and industrial technical standards, and have grid-connected performance such as fault ride-through.
After the acceptance and commissioning are qualified, the power grid enterprise will jointly sign the Power Purchase and Sale Contract and the Grid Connection Dispatching Agreement with the owner. Among them, the Power Purchase and Sale Contract clarifies the rights and obligations of both parties, electricity fee settlement standards, surplus electricity grid connection prices, subsidy policies and other core contents; the Grid Connection Dispatching Agreement sets the basic obligations that both parties should bear, the technical conditions and behavioral norms that must be met for the safe and technical issues of the power station's grid connection and dispatching operation. For household photovoltaic power connected to the 10kV and below power grid, the model text issued by the National Energy Administration can be referred to, and the terms can be simplified for signing. The two agreements are the legal guarantee for the formal grid connection and operation of the photovoltaic power station, and both parties must strictly follow them.
After completing all the above links, the power grid enterprise will issue a formal grid connection notice, and the household grid-connected photovoltaic power station can be put into normal operation. During operation, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power station will first meet the household's own electricity needs, and the surplus electricity will be automatically fed into the public power grid and purchased by the power grid enterprise.
The power grid enterprise will regularly settle electricity fees with the owner according to the metering data of the bidirectional electric meter (including the electricity fees for household power consumption and the electricity fees for surplus electricity fed into the grid), and implement relevant photovoltaic subsidy policies (the specific subsidy standards are subject to the latest local policies). The owner needs to do a good job in the daily maintenance of the power station, regularly inspect the photovoltaic modules, inverters and other equipment, timely clean the dust and debris on the surface of the modules to ensure that the power station maintains good power generation efficiency, and at the same time cooperate with the power grid enterprise in regular inspections, data verification and other work to ensure the long-term stable operation of the power station.
1. Complete Material Preparation: The materials required for each link should be prepared in advance to ensure they are true and complete, so as to avoid process delays caused by missing materials; especially core materials such as property right certificates and equipment inspection reports must be provided in strict accordance with the requirements.
2. Choose Regular Cooperators: The engineering construction unit and equipment supplier must have corresponding qualifications. Avoid choosing unqualified small manufacturers and construction teams to prevent potential safety hazards or unqualified acceptance caused by substandard equipment quality and irregular construction.
3. Pay Attention to Policy Dynamics: Distributed photovoltaic policies (such as subsidy standards, grid connection prices, and filing requirements) will be dynamically adjusted according to the national and local development conditions. During the application process, the owner must timely pay attention to the latest policies of the local power grid enterprise and energy competent department to ensure that the project meets the policy requirements and smoothly enjoys relevant preferential treatment.
4. Attach Importance to Safety Specifications: During the construction and operation of the photovoltaic power station, it is necessary to strictly abide by the relevant regulations on electrical safety and construction safety, avoid illegal operations, and prevent safety accidents such as electric shock and equipment damage; regular maintenance is required after grid connection to timely handle equipment failures.
Although the application process for a household grid-connected photovoltaic power station involves multiple links, it generally follows the standardized path of "application - filing - scheme - construction - acceptance - grid connection". As long as the owner promotes the process in strict accordance with the procedures and cooperates with the power grid enterprise in various work, the project can be legal, compliant and smoothly connected to the grid. With the continuous maturity of distributed photovoltaic power generation technology and the continuous support of policies, household photovoltaic power can not only bring economic benefits to the owner but also contribute to green and low-carbon development. It is hoped that the process analysis in this article can provide professional reference for the majority of owners, helping more families smoothly realize photovoltaic grid connection and enjoy the convenience and benefits brought by green energy.
